Hentschel, 1923
Definition: Ectosomal skeleton a tangential crust of smooth diactinal (usually tylote) spicules, occasionally secondarily lost. Choanosomal skeleton a reticulation of smooth or acanthose styles, occasionally oxeas or strongyles, forming plumoreticulate tracts. Microscleres include sigmas, arcuate isochelae, and raphides. Toxas absent.
Remarks: Originally this family was restricted to hollow, bladder-like, spherical, club-shaped, tubular, and cushion-shaped growth forms, frequently burrowing or excavating coralline substrates (with long, open and/or blind fistules on upper surface bearing oscules and ostia poking above the substrate).
49 nominal genera are presently included in this revised concept of Coelosphaeridae, of which 26 appear to be valid. Reviews: Hentschel (1923), Topsent (1928), Lévi (1973), van Soest (1984), Bergquist and Fromont (1988).
Source: Hooper's Internet Sponge Guidee.
Genera represented in the area:
Coelosphaera Thomson, 1873 (type species C . tubifex Thomson, 1873) (syn. Coelosphaericon Bakus, 1966; Histoderma Carter, 1874; Histioderma Carter, 1886; Sideroderma sensu Ridley and Dendy, 1886; Siderodermella Dendy, 1921; Xytopsoocha de Laubenfels, 1936): massive, bladder-like, or encrusting, burrowing growth forms with erect fistules; smooth ectosomal tylotes form a compact tangential crust; choanosomal skeleton consists of poorly developed tracts and scattered smooth spicules; megascleres are smooth tylotes, strongyles, and styles, which may be lacking; microscleres are arcuate isochelae, sigmas and often raphides in trichodragmata.
Dendoricella Lundbeck, 1905 (type species: D . rhopalum Lundbeck, 1905): ectosomal tornotes resembling oxeas, choanosomal oxeas forming dendritic tracts, no echinating spicules, microscleres are arcuate isochelae. (syn. Xytopsaga De Laubenfels, 1936 (type species Plumocolumella myxilloides Burton, 1929)
N.B. This genus along with two other genera not represented in the area (Pyloderma and Fibulia ) will probably be separated from Coelosphaeridae in a family of their own on account of their possession of exclusively oxeas.
Ectyodoryx Lundbeck, 1909 (type species: Hastatus foliatus Fristedt, 1887): ectosomal skeleton composed of tornotes or tylotes, lying tangentially and also forming paratangential brushes; choanosomal skeleton composed of smooth or spined styles forming an isodictyal or square-meshed reticulation, echinating acanthostyles present; microscleres are arcuate isochelae and sometimes sigmas. References: Bergquist and Fromont (1988); Hentschel (1911); Hofman and Van Soest, 1995.
Forcepia Carter, 1874 (type species F . colonensis Carter, 1874) (syn. Forcepina Vosmaer, 1885; Leptolabis Topsent, 1904; Trachyforcepia Topsent, 1904; Clinolabis Topsent, 1927; Labisophlita De Laubenfels, 1936; Marcusoldia De Laubenfels, 1936; Ectoforcepia Cabioch, 1968): encrusting to massive growth forms; ectosomal skeleton composed of tangential smooth ectosomal tylotes; choanosomal skeleton composed of choanosomal styles (Forcepia) or ectosomal tylotes (Ectoforcepia) forming hymesmioid structure, including (Trachyforcepia ) or without echinating acanthostyles, in encrusting species, or reticulate architecture in massive forms; microscleres are smooth or spined forceps (labis), arcuate isochelae, palmate isochelea, sigmas.
Histodermella Lundbeck, 1910 (type species: H . ingolfi Lundbeck, 1910) (syn. Hiltonus de Laubenfels, 1936): spherical base with erect fistules; ectosomal skeleton consists of smooth ectosomal tylotes (or strongyles) forming a thick tangential layer; choanosomal skeleton consists of irregular tracts of scattered tylotes (or strongyles), and acanthoxeas or acanthostrongyles form a layer at right angles to the ectosomal tylotes and are scattered throughout the choanosome; microscleres are arcuate isochelae and sigmas, sometimes also raphides in trichodragmata.
Inflatella Schmidt, 1875 (type species I . pellicula Schmidt, 1875) (syn. Joyeuxia Topsent, 1890): massive, spherical with erect fistules; ectosomal skeleton a compact tangential crust of diactinal spicules; choanosomal skeleton consists of thin tracts of scattered diactinal spicules, the same as on the surface; diactinal megascleres are of a single sort, being smooth ectosomal strongyles or anisotylotes; microscleres absent.
Lissodendoryx Topsent, 1892 (type species: Tedania leptoderma Topsent, 1889) (syn. Paramyxilla Dendy, 1905; Waldoschmittia De Laubenfels, 1936; Xytopsihis de Laubenfels, 1936; Zetekispongia de Laubenfels, 1936; Zetekopsis de Laubenfels, 1936; Zottea de Laubenfels, 1936): ectosomal skeleton with smooth ectosomal tylotes forming tangential tracts and surface brushes; choanosomal skeleton composed of smooth or acanthose choanosomal styles, sometimes oxeas or strongyles, forming an isodictyal reticulate architecture of single spicules; no echinating spicules; microscleres are arcuate isochelae, sigmas, and raphides in trichodragmata.
Species included:
Coelosphaera appendiculata
Coelosphaera physa
Dendoricella flabelliformis
Ectyodoryx atlanticus
Ectyodoryx foliatus
Ectyodoryx multiformis
Forcepia fabricans
Forcepia forcipis
Forcepia luciensis
Forcepia psammophila
Histodermella ingolfi
Lissodendoryx diversichela
Lissodendoryx isodictyalis
Lissodendoryx lundbecki
Species not treated here:
Coelosphaera phlyctenodes (Carter, 1876), Portugal, deep water
Dendoricella rhopalum Lundbeck, 1905, Iceland, deep water.
Forcepia fragilis Stephens (1917), Ireland, deep water
Forcepia thielei Lundbeck (1905), Iceland,deep water.
Inflatella viridis Schmidt (1875), Norway, Azores, cf. Arndt, 1935: 74, fig. 149
Lissodendoryx complicata (Hansen, 1885), Norway, deep water
Lissodendoryx fragilis (Fristedt, 1885), Norway, Sweden, cf. Arndt, 1935: 60, fig. 110
Lissodendoryx indistincta (Fristedt, 1887), Arctic, deep water
Lissodendoryx lobosa Lundbeck (1905), Iceland, deep water
Lissodendoryx sophia (Fristedt, 1885), Sweden, Iceland, Straits of Gibraltar, deep water
Lissodendoryx stipitata (Arnesen, 1903), Norway, cf. Arndt, 1935: 61, fig. 112.